[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/maria-montessori-zena-ktera-pomahala-detem-aby-to-zvladly-samy\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/maria-montessori-zena-ktera-pomahala-detem-aby-to-zvladly-samy\/","headline":"Maria Montessori: \u017eena, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala d\u011btem, aby to zvl\u00e1dly samy","name":"Maria Montessori: \u017eena, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala d\u011btem, aby to zvl\u00e1dly samy","description":"Nejen, \u017ee byla Maria Montessori v\u00fdborn\u00e1 pedago\u017eka, byla tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u017eenou, kter\u00e1 promovala jako doktorka medic\u00edny v It\u00e1lii v roce 1892. Po skon\u010den\u00ed studi\u00ed za\u010dala pracovat jako asistentka na psychiatrick\u00e9 klinice v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. Tam se tak\u00e9 za\u010dala zam\u011b\u0159ovat na v\u00fdchovu ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, specializovala se na nervov\u00e9 nemoci. N\u011bjakou dobu pak tak\u00e9 pracovala jako pediatri\u010dka v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. V roce 1904 … ","datePublished":"2019-05-10","dateModified":"2023-05-05","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b86e461e91a792eb6523c2667396c9868de382fea5dd80e25dc0d9e030173b65?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b86e461e91a792eb6523c2667396c9868de382fea5dd80e25dc0d9e030173b65?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"narocni.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a344718_w2547_t1558551297.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a344718_w2547_t1558551297.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/maria-montessori-zena-ktera-pomahala-detem-aby-to-zvladly-samy\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":472,"articleBody":"Nejen, \u017ee byla Maria Montessori v\u00fdborn\u00e1 pedago\u017eka, byla tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u017eenou, kter\u00e1 promovala jako doktorka medic\u00edny v It\u00e1lii v roce 1892. Po skon\u010den\u00ed studi\u00ed za\u010dala pracovat jako asistentka na psychiatrick\u00e9 klinice v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. Tam se tak\u00e9 za\u010dala zam\u011b\u0159ovat na v\u00fdchovu ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, specializovala se na nervov\u00e9 nemoci. N\u011bjakou dobu pak tak\u00e9 pracovala jako pediatri\u010dka v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. V roce 1904 za\u010dala v\u00e9st katedru antropologie na univerzit\u011b v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. V roce 1907 otev\u0159ela prvn\u00ed D\u016fm d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl ur\u010den pro chud\u00e9 d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku.Za\u010dala zde poprv\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat pom\u016fcky pro smyslovou v\u00fdchovu, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017eeny pro ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9 d\u011bti. U\u010dila d\u011bti i praktick\u00fdm dovednostem, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad zamet\u00e1n\u00ed podlahy nebo ut\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed prachu. Od roku 1908 opustila v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 presti\u017en\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, jak praxi pediatri\u010dky, tak v\u00fduky na univerzit\u011b, aby se mohla pln\u011b v\u011bnovat sv\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch metod. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ena jen teoreticky, sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak, v\u017edy se sna\u017eila sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky uskute\u010d\u0148ovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prakticky. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na dlouhodob\u00e9m pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed v jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Byla p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee pokud d\u00edt\u011b dostane prostor, dok\u00e1\u017ee se samo „vychovat“. Sice se vyv\u00edj\u00ed v neust\u00e1l\u00e9m kontaktu s prost\u0159ed\u00edm, kter\u00e9 funguje jako vzor chov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u017e ono samo ur\u010duje, kter\u00e9 podn\u011bty ho ovlivn\u00ed v jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jej\u00ed pedagogika je postavena na heslu: „Pomoz mi, abych to dok\u00e1zal s\u00e1m.“ \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem dosp\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte je, aby d\u00edt\u011b jen sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi silami a vlastn\u00edm tempem z\u00edsk\u00e1valo nov\u00e9 znalosti a dovednosti a pomalu a nen\u00e1siln\u011b zapadalo do sv\u011bta, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eije a bude \u017e\u00edt.U\u017e po prvn\u00edm roce jej\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed vydala knihu Metoda v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pedagogiky, kter\u00e1 se u\u017e\u00edvala ve v\u00fdchov\u011b v domovech pro d\u011bti. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci ocenil i Sigmund Freud, kdy\u017e ve V\u00eddni zalo\u017eila Montessori Institut. V dob\u00e1ch fa\u0161ismu v It\u00e1lii, byly jej\u00ed \u0161koly zav\u0159eny a v N\u011bmecku a Rakousku dokonce p\u00e1lili i jej\u00ed knihy. V dob\u011b II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pob\u00fdvala v Indii a do Evropy se vr\u00e1tila a\u017e v roce 1949, usadila se v Holandsku, kde v roce 1952 i um\u00edr\u00e1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Maria Montessori: \u017eena, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala d\u011btem, aby to zvl\u00e1dly samy","item":"https:\/\/www.narocni.cz\/maria-montessori-zena-ktera-pomahala-detem-aby-to-zvladly-samy\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]